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Nokia’s latest AI-RAN announcement is more about increased confidence and improved messaging than a fundamental change in strategy. The AI-RAN roadmap and timeline remain largely unchanged, but Nokia has refined its migration story, sharpened its focus on software-driven innovation, and provided additional insight into how it views AI-RAN’s role in addressing operator challenges and strengthening its competitive position in the evolving RAN market.

Nokia’s AI-RAN roadmap and timeline remain broadly unchanged. The AI-RAN roadmap and timeline are largely unchanged from what the company shared with analysts and investors over the past year, suggesting Nokia is executing against an existing strategy rather than introducing a new one.

The migration path has been refined and simplified. Compared with last year’s Nokia-NVIDIA framework—which highlighted purpose-built D-RAN, D-RAN vRAN, and C-RAN vRAN—the company has simplified the way it presents deployment options. Nokia is now placing less emphasis on specific vRAN architectures and more emphasis on deployment flexibility and performance profiles (installed-base leverage, high-capacity AI-RAN, and cloud-native AI-RAN). Broadly speaking, the migration strategy remains intact, with the changes reflecting refinements in packaging and messaging rather than a fundamental shift in direction.

Nokia is becoming more confident in its merchant silicon/GPU-based AI-RAN strategy. The most notable changes are in messaging and conviction. There was more hedging at MWC Barcelona when analysts pressed them on their 6G R&D efforts between custom and merchant silicon. Now, Nokia appears increasingly confident in its merchant silicon/GPU-based approach and is positioning AI-RAN as a software-defined platform strategy rather than a hardware story. While the company continues to support multiple hardware options, management indicated that most future software innovation and feature development will target the merchant silicon track.

AI-on-RAN is also becoming more tangible. Beyond AI-for-RAN use cases, Nokia is now highlighting sensing, positioning/location services, and third-party software applications that could run on the platform. Importantly, these are being positioned as complementary software-ecosystem opportunities rather than as the primary justification for the architecture.

The 2x spectral efficiency claim is compelling but requires more context.The headline claim of up to 2x spectral efficiency improvements is compelling, especially since the gains appear to exceed those highlighted in other AI-RAN announcements. At the same time, it should be viewed with some caution until there is greater clarity around the underlying assumptions, benchmarks, and how it compares with competing approaches from Huawei, Ericsson, and others in actual deployments. Spectral efficiency remains highly dependent on deployment scenarios and starting points, making cross-vendor comparisons difficult. Hopefully, Ookla can update this RAN efficiency chart by 2028.

The announcement supports Dell’Oro’s AI-RAN and GPU-RAN forecasts. More broadly, the announcement is consistent with our recently published $35 B AI-RAN forecast and our upward revision to the GPU-RAN outlook, which now exceeds $1 B by 2030. Nokia’s emphasis on AI-for-RAN as the primary value proposition, combined with its growing confidence in merchant silicon-based deployments, is consistent with our view that AI-for-RAN adoption is accelerating as operators prepare for more software-centric and AI-native RAN architectures.

AI-RAN is strategically important to Nokia’s broader RAN turnaround efforts. Finally, Nokia’s AI-RAN strategy should be viewed in the context of its broader RAN turnaround efforts. Having lost approximately 10 percentage points of RAN market share over the past decade, Nokia is well aware of the importance of maintaining sufficient scale in the highly concentrated RAN market. AI RAN is therefore more than a technology roadmap—it represents a strategic bet that software-driven innovation, flexible deployment options and AI-native capabilities can help strengthen Nokia’s competitive position over the long term. The latest announcement signals that Nokia is becoming increasingly confident that AI-native RAN will play a central role in its efforts to improve its competitive standing in the RAN market.

Ericsson’s Mobility Report provides a comprehensive overview of the end-user trends shaping the RAN market. The report is loaded with data and insights. Below are six takeaways we are keeping in mind at Dell’Oro Group as we update our 5-year RAN forecast.

22% mobile traffic growth in 1Q26

Mobile traffic growth continues to moderate. Given concerns that traffic growth could decelerate more quickly than expected, it is encouraging that total mobile network traffic has now posted seven consecutive quarters of stable year-over-year growth in the 20% to 22% range. While growth rates are no longer at the elevated levels seen in the early days of 5G, traffic demand is growing and continues to support long-term RAN capacity investments.

Total traffic to grow 2.5x by 2030

Ericsson projects total mobile network traffic (mobile broadband and FWA) to increase by approximately 2.5x between 2025 and 2030, implying roughly 20% annual growth. This outlook influences not only the timing of 6G deployments but also the level of capacity investments during the second half of the 5G cycle. Even as the industry is trying to pivot towards network differentiation and the Uplink (UL), the relationship with RAN revenue and the overall mobile traffic growth is expected to improve, especially as the industry is now in somewhat uncharted territories when it comes to the supply/demand of mobile connectivity.

UL 10% to 12% of total traffic

For years, suppliers have emphasized the importance of improving UL performance. First, it was short-form video, and now AI-driven applications are expected to further increase UL demand. Even so, our interpretation of Ericsson’s medium- and high-UL scenarios is that UL traffic will still account for only about 10% to 12% of total mobile network traffic by 2031, up from roughly 8% today. AI may significantly reshape traffic patterns, but Downlink (DL) traffic will continue to dominate overall network demand.

10 M smart glasses in 2025

The projected growth in mobile traffic continues to be overwhelmingly driven by smartphones. Although expectations are rising that smart glasses could become the next major connected device category, Ericsson estimates shipments reached approximately 10 million units in 2025—roughly 1% of smartphone shipments. The figure is an important reminder that while the long-term opportunity is compelling, adoption remains in its early stages, and the base case is that smartphones will continue to dominate mobile traffic for the foreseeable future.

Satellite accounts for 2% of fixed connections

Even as Starlink and other satellite providers continue to expand their ambitions across home broadband, enterprise networking, and mobile connectivity, Ericsson projects satellite broadband will account for about 2% of global fixed broadband connections by 2031. In comparison, Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) is expected to represent approximately 17% of fixed broadband connections, reinforcing that terrestrial wireless technologies remain the much larger opportunity.

80% of enterprises are growing their mobile investments

Private wireless increased 16% and accounted for 3 to 5% of total RAN revenue in 2025. To date, the primary driver has been industrial 4G and 5G deployments supporting applications where Wi-Fi or public cellular networks cannot meet performance, coverage, or mobility requirements. Looking ahead, Ericsson’s survey of more than 100 enterprise decision makers across North America, Europe, and Asia suggests that 80% plan to increase their mobile investments, in part to help scale AI initiatives. While private wireless remains a relatively small portion of the RAN market today, enterprise demand continues to strengthen.

In other words, AI continues to dominate industry discussions; however, the latest Ericsson Mobility Report reinforces that the RAN market over the next five years will still be driven primarily by steady traffic growth, smartphones, FWA, and enterprise investment. AI is expected to increase UL requirements and create new network demands, but the fundamental traffic drivers remain largely unchanged.

What Market Share Says About Börje Ekholm’s Legacy

Leadership transitions often invite instant verdicts. But as the Wallenberg family noted during Ericsson’s previous leadership transition, turnarounds in the telecom space are measured in decades rather than quarters. As Ericsson enters a new chapter, it is still too early to fully assess the long-term impact of Börje Ekholm’s strategic decisions. What we can evaluate today, however, is how Ericsson’s competitive position in the telecom equipment and Radio Access Network (RAN) markets evolved during his tenure.

Market share is not a perfect measure of success. It says little about profitability, shareholder returns, or the quality of strategic investments. Still, it remains one of the clearest indicators of whether customers continued to choose Ericsson in an intensely competitive market.

From Decline to Stability

When Ekholm became CEO in early 2017, Ericsson was emerging from a challenging period. The company had experienced deteriorating profitability, multiple restructuring programs, and significant losses in its RAN revenue share.

We estimate that Ericsson lost approximately 10 percentage points (PPs) of global RAN revenue share between 2011 and 2016, in part due to an intensified competitive landscape. Reversing that trend would not be trivial.

While Ericsson did not dramatically increase its global market position over the next decade, it largely succeeded in reversing the negative momentum that characterized the years leading up to 2017.

Our preliminary analysis suggests Ericsson’s overall telecom equipment revenue share declined by one to two percentage points between 2016 and 2025, settling at roughly 15% of the worldwide telecom equipment market in 2025. Considering the significant changes affecting the industry—including geopolitical shifts, supply chain disruptions, and the 5G investment cycle—this represents a fairly stable competitive position.

Looking Beyond the Headlines

At first glance, Huawei appears to be the clear winner of the past decade. Among the largest suppliers, Huawei and ZTE posted the strongest relative market share gains, increasing their telecom equipment positions across the six telecom programs tracked by the Dell’Oro Group by roughly 40% between 2016 and 2025.

Ericsson’s trajectory looks different. Instead of pursuing aggressive share gains across the broader telecom equipment market, Ericsson largely defended its position. Ericsson’s wireless focus is key. Wireless infrastructure has consistently represented nearly half of the telecom equipment market, making leadership in RAN strategically more important than expanding into adjacent segments.

The RAN Picture is More Favorable

The picture becomes even more interesting when focusing specifically on RAN.

Globally, Ericsson’s RAN revenue share has remained relatively stable in the 25% to 30% range throughout most of Ekholm’s tenure. This stands in sharp contrast to the steep losses experienced between 2011 and 2016.

Meanwhile, Nokia experienced a more pronounced decline over the same period, while Huawei continued strengthening its global leadership position. Stability may not generate headlines, but in a mature infrastructure market dominated by a handful of global suppliers, maintaining share can be an important achievement.

The China Impact

Any assessment of Ericsson’s market position should also consider regional dynamics.

China has become increasingly difficult for foreign vendors, particularly amid geopolitical tensions and reciprocal restrictions affecting telecom infrastructure procurement—we estimate Ericsson and Nokia’s combined RAN revenue share in China has declined by 11 PPs between 2019 and 2025. As a result, global market share figures understate Ericsson’s competitive performance in many of its core markets.

Excluding China, Ericsson’s position actually improved between 2019 and 2025, gaining approximately four percentage points of RAN market share. Huawei also gained share outside China, while Nokia lost ground.

It is also worth noting that the US has played an outsized role in Ericsson’s RAN performance. In fact, if we normalize for both China and North America, Ericsson’s RAN share is stable while Huawei and Nokia are up.

Market Share Is Only One Part of the Story

Of course, market share does not provide the full picture.

Investors will also judge the period based on profitability, shareholder returns, and the success of strategic initiatives such as the enterprise expansion and the Vonage acquisition. Some of these initiatives remain works in progress, and their long-term value may not be fully understood for years.

Nevertheless, market share provides an objective scorecard. By that measure, Ericsson appears to have successfully halted a long-running decline, maintained its RAN leadership position, and strengthened its standing in some markets outside China.

Looking Ahead

The next CEO will inherit a company facing new challenges. Mobile data traffic growth is slowing, and operator capital spending is moderating. And within the capex mix, operators are shifting focus toward areas more closely tied to the data center wave, creating a double headwind for suppliers that remain more dependent on wireless infrastructure. AI is on the rise in network operations and in the RAN. And the role of SW is evolving. 6G is on the horizon, but cumulative 6G RAN revenue in the first six years of its cycle is projected to be 10% to 20% lower than the comparable period in the 5G cycle.

At the same time, Per Narvinger will inherit a company whose competitive foundation is considerably more stable than it was in 2017. While the industry appears to be changing faster today than it did when Börje took over, and some believe Ericsson has missed the data center wave, I get the impression that Ericsson is more confident in its position and prospects today than it was when Börje began.

That may ultimately become one of Börje Ekholm’s most long-lasting contributions. At the end of the day, he may be remembered less for any single metric—whether RAN market share, profitability, or shareholder returns—and more for restoring Ericsson’s competitiveness and preserving its position among the world’s leading telecom infrastructure suppliers.

As 6G discussions continue to evolve, the industry conversation is becoming more pragmatic. Compared to the early phase of 5G, there is less emphasis on transformational narratives and more on deployment realities, efficiency gains, and economics, with a better balance between what we know and what we don’t know. That does not mean 6G lacks ambition. However, some aspects of 6G RAN are increasingly likely, while others remain far less certain.

The Baseline Deployment Model Appears Increasingly Evolutionary

The baseline 6G deployment model increasingly appears evolutionary rather than revolutionary. Wide-area deployments will likely continue to rely on Massive MIMO macro infrastructure using large contiguous spectrum blocks below 8.4 GHz. While higher-frequency bands and more advanced spectrum layers will remain important in specific use cases, the baseline scenario is that operators will prioritize practical coverage economics, infrastructure reuse, and deployment efficiency. Similar to 5G, small cells will remain important for densification and indoor coverage, though early deployments will likely focus on outdoor macro layers.

AI and 6G should improve efficiency, though gains will likely remain in the 10% to 50% range. Since the RAN accounts for less than 15% of the overall wireless capex and recurring site opex over the life of the cell site, the economics fall apart if a significant number of new sites are needed to realize equivalent coverage. As a result, wider-spectrum channels using the existing macro grid will remain the primary mechanism for expanding capacity and lowering cost per bit in 6G.

Economics is driven by The Knowns

One of the more important shifts from 5G to 6G may ultimately be the investment logic itself. Both 4G and 5G were technical successes, particularly 5G, which delivered a massive capacity increase. But from a commercial perspective, the 1% CAGR over the past 15 years supports the premise that these technologies did little to reverse the flattish trajectory of operator revenue.

During the early 5G cycle, many operators emphasized new revenue streams driven by broader enterprise adoption and advanced 5G features tied to emerging applications. In contrast, early 6G discussions appear significantly more focused on efficiency, automation, and improving network economics. Suppliers and operators focus more on what they can control and what they know.

Lower cost-per-bit, efficiency gains, and platform modernization increasingly form the core justification for 6G investment. New services and revenue streams will still matter, especially as data traffic growth rates are moderating. However, operators are less likely to rely on uncertain future monetization assumptions as the primary basis for large-scale investment decisions.

AI-Native RAN Is Likely to Become Foundational

One area where industry alignment is becoming increasingly clear is AI-native RAN. Unlike previous generations, where AI was largely introduced as an add-on after the initial deployments, 6G is expected to incorporate AI capabilities into the RAN architecture from the start. And it is not just the baseband—suppliers are now bringing intelligence into every RAN layer, including the radios. Ericsson’s launch of ten AI-ready radios featuring in-house silicon with neural network accelerators is a case in point.

The implementation models remain difficult to predict. Today, most AI RAN activity centers on distributed AI-for-RAN solutions designed to improve performance and efficiency while leveraging existing 5G infrastructure. Current industry consensus also suggests non-GPU RAN will dominate 6G AI RAN deployments, reflecting infrastructure reuse, cell-site constraints, and multi-purpose tenancy requirements.

Setting aside what is underneath the hood, the broader direction is becoming clearer: AI RAN is evolving from an optional enhancement to a foundational element of the 6G architecture.

Open Fronthaul Will Continue to Expand

The Open RAN discussion is also evolving. Openness, automation, virtualization, and AI integration remain central to next-generation RAN platforms, though adoption curves will vary. The earlier emphasis on openness as a multi-vendor strategy is gradually giving way to a stronger focus on programmability, automation, and software-centric operations. Open FH, RIC frameworks, and software-driven optimization are expected to support increasingly AI-native RAN architectures over time.

At the same time, broader adoption of Open FH does not necessarily imply widespread multi-vendor RAN deployments. Per our latest Open RAN report, 6G Open FH adoption is expected to be significant from the start, while Multi-vendor RAN is projected to account for less than 5 percent of total RAN by 2030.

OFDM-based 6G evolution

Based on current industry visibility, the most likely 6G waveform outcome is an evolutionary path built around enhanced OFDM rather than a completely new waveform. OFDM is not ideal for all applications, but it already underpins the global 4G and 5G ecosystem and remains highly compatible with massive MIMO, beamforming, flexible spectrum use, and existing silicon architectures.

Alternative waveform candidates such as OTFS continue to be evaluated for specific 6G use cases, including high mobility and integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). These opportunities remain small relative to the broader MBB market, and after balancing all the trade-offs, it appears that the alternative waveform has yet to demonstrate sufficient system-level benefits to justify replacing OFDM at scale.

The Upside with AI and New Use Cases remain Uncertain

One of the biggest uncertainties remains the demand side of the equation. Baseline projections from Ericsson’s Mobility Report suggest total mobile network traffic, including mobile broadband and FWA, will grow 15% to 20% annually over the next five years. Importantly, these projections largely assume that usage patterns remain stable and are driven primarily by existing smartphone behavior and adoption trends.

If AI-native devices materially change how users interact with networks over the next decade, traffic patterns could shift significantly, especially if we move towards an environment in which more data is continuously recorded, analyzed, and uploaded throughout the day.

Beyond new MBB devices, the industry continues to discuss immersive applications, AI inference, industrial automation, digital twins, autonomous systems, and AI-driven services. However, visibility remains limited regarding which use cases will scale commercially, how quickly adoption will occur, and how dependent these applications will ultimately be on 6G-specific capabilities.

And while human consumption of video is inherently constrained, machine-generated traffic is not. In other words, the mobile broadband forecast tied to existing use cases is relatively clear. The outlook for new devices, new applications, and machine-driven traffic is far more uncertain.

ISAC Continues to Generate Significant Interest

ISAC remains one of the most active areas of 6G research and standardization discussion. The concept is compelling. Future RANs could potentially support both communications and environmental sensing capabilities simultaneously, enabling applications ranging from drone detection to vehicular awareness and industrial positioning.

Similar to FWA, the MBB business case can largely stand on its own, while ISAC upside remains incremental. One major difference is that ISAC will require more site modifications, and, as a result, operators need to understand where it makes sense to justify the incremental complexity inherent in ISAC.

ISAC may eventually become strategically important as the visibility improves, but it is clearly not yet the primary driver behind early 6G investment planning.

The Pace — and Depth — of 6G Adoption

A major uncertainty is not whether 6G will be deployed, but how aggressively operators will scale it over time. It also remains unclear how large the gap will become between early adopters and the late majority.

While early adopters in markets such as China, India, Japan, and Korea will likely move relatively quickly to establish initial 6G coverage layers, it remains unclear what the coverage ascent and capex envelope will look like compared with upper mid-band 5G rollouts. And more generally, the pace of network deepening after the initial rollout phase remains less clear.

Today, many operators emphasize that 6G will be more evolutionary than previous generational transitions, relying more on software and fewer large-scale hardware upgrades. In this view, 6G represents a more pragmatic, economically disciplined upgrade cycle with lower capex/revenue growth relative to previous technology cycles.

At the same time, history suggests competitive dynamics often evolve differently once deployment cycles begin. Operators frequently enter new technology generations that emphasize efficiency and disciplined capital allocation, only to gradually return to more traditional forms of network differentiation centered on coverage, performance, and capacity leadership.

As a result, the eventual 6G capex envelope — and the corresponding impact on industry capex intensity — remains difficult to predict.

Cloud RAN Adoption is Unclear

Visibility into emerging RAN segments/architectures varies significantly. The likelihood of mass adoption by 2030 is now assessed as very likely for 6G and AI RAN, less likely for Cloud RAN, and unlikely for multi-vendor RAN.

To clarify, the overarching belief is that all roads lead to more virtualization, especially with 6G. The Cloud RAN architecture is increasingly viewed as a foundational step in the automation journey. However, the pace and depth of Cloud RAN adoption remain less certain.

Since the primary metric is TCO, the performance-per-dollar-per-watt gap between custom silicon and COTS plus accelerators needs to narrow for operators to gradually increase the COTS share with 5G and achieve a significant shift with 6G.

Conclusion

The overall direction of 6G RAN is gradually becoming clearer, even if many important questions remain unresolved.

The strongest areas of industry alignment increasingly center on wide-area deployments, AI-native RAN, and practical investment economics. Visibility remains far less certain regarding new applications, sensing monetization, enterprise demand, AI’s impact on mobile data traffic, deployment pace, and the depth of Cloud RAN adoption.

It is easier to invest the minimum amount in what we know than to invest the right amount in what we don’t know.

Nokia Emphasizes Cloud Native and AI at Its Core User Group, May 18^th – 21^st 2026, in Munich

Kal De, SVP at Nokia, effectively captured mobile operators’ AI angst by including a Lewis Carol quote in the opening keynote of Nokia’s 32^nd Core User Group (CUG): “…it takes all the running you can do to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!”.

This year’s Munich event was the largest ever gathering of Nokia’s core customers, with 500 people taking time from their frenetic work pace to hear Nokia’s latest core product announcements—and drink some world-renowned beer.

One operator was refreshingly honest, indicating, “we have no choice but to move to 5G SA…the whole industry is going cloud native.”

Off the record, all telco vendors (not just Nokia) lament the long time to adoption of 5G Standalone by operators outside China. Meanwhile, mobile operators complain that 5G has not delivered the monetization opportunities it promised at the outset.

At CUG2026, Nokia’s executives aimed to bridge the gap between a pie-in-the-sky core network vision and today’s operator reality. And in that, the conference lived up to its objective, walking a tight line between aspirational presentations of AI-fueled autonomous frameworks and demos of available (or nearly available) solutions to help mobile operators save, or even make, money.

Both on stage and in private conversations, operators explained why they are adopting 5G SA; “we have no choice… the whole industry is moving cloud native”. If that’s not a resounding endorsement, at least it’s a refreshing bout of honesty. One large telco explained that the adoption of cloud native meant shifting the majority of the operator’s effort from developing new services to maintaining the complex network. Clearly there’s an opportunity for the industry to do better.

Ideas for new revenue streams ranged from AI-enabled voice to exposing APIs, but in a context of declining ARPU, the formula for increasing telco profitability was not clear.

Nokia responded to the call with announcements (some of which are still not public) centered on automating cloud native networks, embracing a multi-cloud reality, and augmenting network resilience, all within a vision in which operators transit tokens and core network functions use AI to predict the future and manage themselves.

AI, automation, and trust were key themes. But less clear was the formula to meaningfully increase telco profitability in a world of declining ARPU. High-profile telco customers discussed concepts such as AI-enabled voice, monetizing network data, commercializing authorization and identity, and exposing APIs for third parties to create their own AI Agents. Nearly every revolutionary idea aiming to push mobile network operators up the value chain was accompanied by the caveat that a complex mosaic of regulatory restrictions was an impediment to meaningful transformation.

Escalating hardware costs was a reality facing every participant in the room, and operators expressed the need to “sweat their assets” by extending life cycles.

Nokia answered the monetization musings by presenting Network as Code, which provides a platform for developers to access network functionalities of major operators via APIs. Nokia VP, Shkumbin Hamiti explained that, after acquiring Rapid’s API hub in 2024, the company fortuitously discovered the Network as Code platform was a perfect place to host MCP-based AI Agent access. Whether this approach will be able to build meaningful telco revenue will depend on the ecosystem of developers and system integrators that Nokia and its customers are able to amass.

Presentations about AI can sometimes feel theoretical, but there was one harsh reality that everyone in the room was facing: escalating hardware costs caused by the AI infrastructure boom. Service providers indicated they were more open to using the public cloud to host network functions in times of elevated server costs, while Red Hat proposed an approach to using hardware more efficiently. But Nokia did not directly address the pleas by operators to prolong network function life cycles. Of the 89 mobile operators in attendance, those who wish to sweat their hardware assets with Nokia concessions on end of support dates will have to take up the discussion beyond Nokia’s CUG.

Nokia unveiled a new dimension of the hyped NVIDIA partnership… this one relates to the core network, and not the RAN.

Hardware may be expensive, but Nokia was still able to bring some costly components up to the main stage, announcing an undisclosed dimension of the company’s partnership with NVIDIA. Last October, NVIDIA’s $1 B investment in Nokia seemed to be all about AI and RAN. But Tuesday, Marcelo Madruga, Head of Core Networks’ Technology, revealed that there was a core network aspect too. Dramatically unveiling an edge server from under a blue blanket, Madruga explained it contained, as well as the UPF network function running on Dell, 8 NVIDIA GPUs and the capacity to process a thousand tokens per second. “We’re going to create the AI Grid,” he announced, “and we would like you to help us define what it will mean.”

“Should I hand over the keys to my network to AI Agents?”

If token delivery was too far-fetched for some operators struggling with cloud native, there were plenty of other near-term roadmaps, both hardware and software, to keep their attention. Breakout rooms contained lively presentations and discussions about both Nokia core network solutions and partner offers, with sessions by AMD, AWS, Dell, Google, Intel, Everpure, and Red Hat. NVIDIA was notably absent.

From the plenary sessions to the breakout rooms, to the informal discussions over lunch, there was a general sense that AI would soon play a pivotal role in resolving the complexity of the cloud native core network. Automation Strategy VP, Deepa Ramachandran, asked facetiously, “Should I hand over the keys to my network to AI Agents?” and instead proposed that operators get agents to do the heavy lifting, gathering logs and doing root cause analyses. Indeed, the operator that had a workforce consumed by managing the infrastructure instead of developing new services, announced it aims to rebalance the effort by increasing automation. And as for the monetization problem? Said one major telco: “with 5G Advanced, the best is yet to come.”

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